An unpleasant bodily sensation caused by injury, illness, or strain

• A feeling of hurt in a specific part of the body

由受伤、疾病或劳损引起的不适的身体感觉

• 身体某部位的疼痛感

Mental or emotional suffering; distress; anguish

精神或情感上的痛苦；忧虑；折磨

An annoying or troublesome person or thing (informal)

令人头疼的人或事物；很烦的家伙（口语）

The pains of childbirth caused by uterine contractions

分娩时的产痛，由子宫收缩引起

Suffering or penalty inflicted as punishment, as in legal threats

• Used in phrases like on pain of meaning under threat of punishment

作为处罚的惩罚或制裁

• 常见于 on/under pain of 等表达，意为“违者将受罚”

Great care, effort, or trouble taken in doing something (usually plural)

做事时付出的辛劳、用心或功夫（多用复数 pains）

To cause physical hurt; to make someone feel pain

• To distress or grieve; to trouble the mind
• To feel pain; to hurt (intransitive)

使某人感到疼痛；使…疼

• 使心里难过；使苦恼
• 感到疼；疼痛（不及物）

Acronym: pan-assay interference compound, a molecule that nonspecifically disrupts assays

缩写：pan-assay interference compound，在筛选测定中产生非特异干扰的化合物